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Effects of low-frequency water-borne sound on divers open water trial
(Web-Based Document)
Author
Contributors
Published
[Groton, CT] : Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, [1997].
Status
Description
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Copies
| Location | Call Number | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Web-based Documents or Files - World Wide Web | XX(934286.1) | Available Online |
Subjects
Other Subjects
Acoustic attenuation.
Acoustic waves.
Acoustics.
Acoustics.
Adverse conditions.
Auditory acuity.
Biological rhythms.
Breathing apparatus.
Divers.
Diving.
Ear.
Exposure(general)
Feedback.
Fresh water.
Functions.
Hearing.
Heart.
Low frequency.
Manned.
Marine Engineering.
Microphones.
Naval personnel.
Neoprene.
Noise.
Open water.
Physiological effects.
Plane waves.
Resonance.
Response(biology)
Response.
Risk.
Rockets.
Safety.
Sonar signals.
Sonar.
Sound.
Springs.
Standing waves.
Traveling waves.
Underwater acoustics.
Underwater sound.
Vestibular apparatus.
Waterborne.
Wet suits.
Acoustic waves.
Acoustics.
Acoustics.
Adverse conditions.
Auditory acuity.
Biological rhythms.
Breathing apparatus.
Divers.
Diving.
Ear.
Exposure(general)
Feedback.
Fresh water.
Functions.
Hearing.
Heart.
Low frequency.
Manned.
Marine Engineering.
Microphones.
Naval personnel.
Neoprene.
Noise.
Open water.
Physiological effects.
Plane waves.
Resonance.
Response(biology)
Response.
Risk.
Rockets.
Safety.
Sonar signals.
Sonar.
Sound.
Springs.
Standing waves.
Traveling waves.
Underwater acoustics.
Underwater sound.
Vestibular apparatus.
Waterborne.
Wet suits.
More Details
Published
[Groton, CT] : Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, [1997].
Format
Web-Based Document
Physical Desc
1 online resource (73 pages) : ill.
Language
English
Notes
General Note
Titl from title screen (viewed Sept. 5, 2012).
General Note
"Space and Naval Systems Warfare Command Task."
General Note
"7 OCTOBER 1997."
General Note
Available online.
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-28).
Restrictions on Access
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE.
Description
Navy divers may be exposed to active sonar transmissions while underwater. Previous manned experiments to determine safe levels of exposure have all been conducted in enclosed settings characterized by standing wave sound fields. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if plane wave (open water) acoustics alters the physiological or subjective responses of exposed divers compared to standing wave exposures. 54 manned exposures to two low-frequency underwater acoustic signals were performed at depths of 30 and 60 feet in a fresh water spring. Two projectors were used to create a plane progressive traveling acoustic wave. Divers were exposed in both helmeted and unhelmeted diving rigs. Effects on hearing, vestibular function, cardiac rhythm, and a key-insertion task were measured. Subjective responses were also recorded. In addition, the effects of neoprene wet suits on sound attenuation were measured. Slight decrements in hearing acuity were detected, but these results were confounded by circumstances unrelated to the underwater sound exposures, such as ear squeezes from diving, and microphone feedback noise. No adverse effects in vestibular function, cardiac rhythm, or key insertion performance were detected. Subjective responses revealed that divers were moderately annoyed by the underwater sound, but overall found the exposures tolerable. Neoprene wet suits generally act to attenuate low-frequency sound exposures, but under certain circumstances may also accentuate a sound exposure, possibly through a resonance effect. There is no indication from the results of this study that low-frequency water-borne sound exposures in the open water present any additional risk to divers compared to similar exposures in enclosed environments.
Funding Information
Naval Medical Research and Development Command,63747N-5503
Citations
APA Citation, 7th Edition (style guide)
Steevens, C. C., Sylvester, R., & Clark, J. (1997). Effects of low-frequency water-borne sound on divers: open water trial . Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory.
Chicago / Turabian - Author Date Citation, 17th Edition (style guide)Steevens, C. C, R. Sylvester and J. Clark. 1997. Effects of Low-frequency Water-borne Sound On Divers: Open Water Trial. Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory.
Chicago / Turabian - Humanities (Notes and Bibliography) Citation, 17th Edition (style guide)Steevens, C. C, R. Sylvester and J. Clark. Effects of Low-frequency Water-borne Sound On Divers: Open Water Trial Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, 1997.
MLA Citation, 9th Edition (style guide)Steevens, C. C., R Sylvester, and J Clark. Effects of Low-frequency Water-borne Sound On Divers: Open Water Trial Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, 1997.
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